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'\" te .\" Copyright (c) 1992, The X/Open Company Ltd. All rights reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 1989, AT&T. All rights reserved. .\" Portions Copyright (c) 2007, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. .\" Oracle gratefully acknowledges The Open Group for permission to reproduce portions of its copyrighted documentation. Original documentation from The Open Group can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/bookstore/. .\" The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The Open Group, have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation. In the following statement, the phrase "this text" refers to portions of the system documentation. Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in the Sun OS Reference Manual, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html. This notice shall appear on any product containing this material. .TH cp 1 "28 Mar 2023" "Oracle Solaris 11.4" "User Commands" .SH NAME cp \- copy files .SH SYNOPSIS .LP .nf \fB/usr/bin/cp\fR [\fB-PSfipz@/\fR] \fIsource_file\fR \fItarget_file\fR .fi .LP .nf \fB/usr/bin/cp\fR [\fB-PSfipz@/\fR] \fIsource_file\fR... \fItarget\fR .fi .LP .nf \fB/usr/bin/cp\fR \fB-r\fR [\fB-H\fR | \fB-L\fR | \fB-P\fR] [\fB-Sfipz@/\fR] \fIsource_dir\fR... \fItarget\fR .fi .LP .nf \fB/usr/bin/cp\fR \fB-R\fR [\fB-H\fR | \fB-L\fR | \fB-P\fR] [\fB-Sfipz@/\fR] \fIsource_dir\fR... \fItarget\fR .fi .LP .nf \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/cp\fR [\fB-PSfipz@/\fR] \fIsource_file\fR \fItarget_file\fR .fi .LP .nf \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/cp\fR [\fB-PSfipz@/\fR] \fIsource_file\fR... \fItarget\fR .fi .LP .nf \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/cp\fR \fB-r\fR [\fB-H\fR | \fB-L\fR | \fB-P\fR] [\fB-Sfipz@/\fR] \fIsource_dir\fR... \fItarget\fR .fi .LP .nf \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/cp\fR \fB-R\fR [\fB-H\fR | \fB-L\fR | \fB-P\fR] [\fB-Sfipz@/\fR] \fIsource_dir\fR... \fItarget\fR .fi .SH DESCRIPTION .sp .LP In the first synopsis form, neither \fIsource_file\fR nor \fItarget_file\fR are directory files, nor can they have the same name. The \fBcp\fR utility copies the contents of \fIsource_file\fR to the destination path named by \fItarget_file\fR. If \fItarget_file\fR exists, \fBcp\fR overwrites its contents, but the mode (and \fBACL\fR if applicable), owner, and group associated with it are not changed. The last modification time of \fItarget_file\fR and the last access time of \fIsource_file\fR are set to the time the copy was made. If \fItarget_file\fR does not exist, \fBcp\fR creates a new file named \fItarget_file\fR that has the same mode as \fIsource_file\fR except that the sticky bit is not set unless the user has the {\fBPRIV_SYS_CONFIG\fR} privilege. In this case, the owner and group of \fItarget_file\fR are those of the user, unless the setgid bit is set on the directory containing the newly created file. If the directory's setgid bit is set, the newly created file has the group of the containing directory rather than of the creating user. If \fItarget_file\fR is a link to another file, \fBcp\fR overwrites the link destination with the contents of \fIsource_file\fR; the link(s) from \fItarget_file\fR remains. .sp .LP In the second synopsis form, one or more \fIsource_file\fRs are copied to the directory specified by \fItarget\fR. It is an error if any \fIsource_file\fR is a file of type directory, if \fItarget\fR either does not exist or is not a directory. .sp .LP In the third or fourth synopsis forms, one or more directories specified by \fIsource_dir\fR are copied to the directory specified by \fItarget\fR. Either the \fB-r\fR or \fB-R\fR must be specified. For each \fIsource_dir\fR, \fBcp\fR copies all files and subdirectories. .SH OPTIONS .sp .LP The following options are supported for both \fB/usr/bin/cp\fR and \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/cp\fR: .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-f\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt Unlink. If a file descriptor for a destination file cannot be obtained, this option attempts to unlink the destination file and proceed. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-H\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt Takes actions based on the type and contents of the file referenced by any symbolic link specified as a \fIsource_file\fR operand. .sp If the \fIsource_file\fR operand is a symbolic link, then \fBcp\fR copies the file referenced by the symbolic link for the \fIsource_file\fR operand. All other symbolic links encountered during traversal of a file hierarchy are preserved. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-i\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt Interactive. \fBcp\fR prompts for confirmation whenever the copy would overwrite an existing target. This is done regardless of whether the input is coming from a terminal. If the prompt for confirmation fails, it is equivalent to the user answering in the negative. An affirmative response means that the copy should proceed. Any other answer prevents \fBcp\fR from overwriting \fItarget\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-L\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt Takes actions based on the type and contents of the file referenced by any symbolic link specified as a \fIsource_file\fR operand or any symbolic links encountered during traversal of a file hierarchy. .sp Copies files referenced by symbolic links. Symbolic links encountered during traversal of a file hierarchy are not preserved. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-p\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt Preserve. The \fBcp\fR utility duplicates not only the contents of \fIsource_file\fR, but also attempts to preserve its ACL, access and modification times, extended attributes, extended system attributes, file mode, and owner and group ids. .sp If \fBcp\fR is unable to preserve the access and modification times, extended attributes, or the file mode, \fBcp\fR does not consider it a failure. If \fBcp\fR is unable to preserve the owner and group id, the copy does not fail, but \fBcp\fR silently clears the \fBS_ISUID\fR and \fBS_ISGID\fR bits from the file mode of the target. The copy fails if \fBcp\fR is unable to clear these bits. If \fBcp\fR is unable to preserve the ACL or extended system attributes, the copy fails. If the copy fails, then a diagnostic message is written to \fBstderr\fR and (after processing any remaining operands) \fBcp\fR exits with a \fBnon-zero\fR exit status. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-P\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt Takes actions on any symbolic link specified as a \fIsource_file\fR operand or any symbolic link encountered during traversal of a file hierarchy. .sp Copies symbolic links. Symbolic links encountered during traversal of a file hierarchy are preserved. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-r\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt Recursive. \fBcp\fR copies the directory and all its files, including any subdirectories and their files to \fItarget\fR. Unless the \fB-H\fR, \fB-L\fR, or \fB-P\fR option is specified, the \fB-L\fR option is used as the default mode. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-R\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt Same as \fB-r\fR, except pipes are replicated, not read from. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-S\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt Call \fBfsync\fR(2) on the target file's file descriptor. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-z\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt Fast Copy. \fBcp\fR will \fBreflink\fR the source and destination files. For more information, see the \fBreflink\fR(3C) man page. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-@\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt Preserves extended attributes. \fBcp\fR attempts to copy all of the source file's extended attributes along with the file data to the destination file. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-/\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt Preserves extended attributes and extended system attributes. Along with the file's data, the \fBcp\fR utility attempts to copy extended attributes and extended system attributes from each source file, and extended system attributes associated with extended attributes to the destination file. If \fBcp\fR is unable to copy extended attributes or extended system attributes, then a diagnostic message is written to \fBstderr\fR and (after processing any remaining operands) exits with a \fBnon-zero\fR exit status. .RE .sp .LP Specifying more than one of the mutually-exclusive options \fB-H\fR, \fB-L\fR, and \fB-P\fR is not considered an error. The last option specified determines the behavior of the utility. .SS "/usr/bin/cp" .sp .LP If the \fB-p\fR option is specified with either the \fB-@\fR option or the \fB-/\fR option, \fB/usr/bin/cp\fR behaves as follows .RS +4 .TP .ie t \(bu .el o When both \fB-p\fR and \fB-@\fR are specified in any order, the copy fails if extended attributes cannot be copied. .RE .RS +4 .TP .ie t \(bu .el o When both \fB-p\fR and \fB-/\fR are specified in any order, the copy fails if extended system attributes cannot be copied. .RE .SS "/usr/xpg4/bin/cp" .sp .LP If the \fB-p\fR option is specified with either the \fB-@\fR option or the \fB-/\fR option, \fB/usr/xpg4/bin/cp\fR behaves as follows: .RS +4 .TP .ie t \(bu .el o When both \fB-p\fR and \fB-@\fR are specified, the last option specified determines whether the copy fails if extended attributes cannot be preserved. .RE .RS +4 .TP .ie t \(bu .el o When both \fB-p\fR and \fB-/\fR are specified, the last option specified determines whether the copy fails if extended system attributes cannot be preserved. .RE .SH OPERANDS .sp .LP The following operands are supported: .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fIsource_file\fR\fR .ad .RS 15n .rt A pathname of a regular file to be copied. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fIsource_dir\fR\fR .ad .RS 15n .rt A pathname of a directory to be copied. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fItarget_file\fR\fR .ad .RS 15n .rt A pathname of an existing or non-existing file, used for the output when a single file is copied. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fItarget\fR\fR .ad .RS 15n .rt A pathname of a directory to contain the copied files. .RE .SH EXAMPLES .LP \fBExample 1\fR Copying a File .sp .LP The following example copies a file: .sp .in +2 .nf example% \fBcp goodies goodies.old\fR example% \fBls goodies*\fR goodies goodies.old .fi .in -2 .sp .LP \fBExample 2\fR Copying a List of Files .sp .LP The following example copies a list of files to a destination directory: .sp .in +2 .nf example% \fBcp ~/src/* /tmp\fR .fi .in -2 .sp .LP \fBExample 3\fR Copying a Directory .sp .LP The following example copies a directory, first to a new, and then to an existing destination directory .sp .in +2 .nf example% \fBls ~/bkup\fR /usr/example/fred/bkup not found example% \fBcp -r ~/src ~/bkup\fR example% \fBls -R ~/bkup\fR x.c y.c z.sh example% \fBcp -r ~/src ~/bkup\fR example% \fBls -R ~/bkup\fR src x.c y.c z.sh src: x.c y.c z.s .fi .in -2 .sp .LP \fBExample 4\fR Copying Extended File System Attributes .sp .LP The following example copies extended file system attributes: .sp .in +2 .nf $ \fBls -/ c file1\fR -rw-r--r-- 1 foo staff 0 Oct 29 20:04 file1 {AH-----m--} $ \fBcp -/ file1 file2\fR $ \fBls -/c file2\fR -rw-r--r-- 1 foo staff 0 Oct 29 20:17 file2 {AH-----m--} .fi .in -2 .sp .LP \fBExample 5\fR Failing to Copy Extended System Attributes .sp .LP The following example fails to copy extended system attributes: .sp .in +2 .nf $ \fBls -/c file1\fR -rw-r--r-- 1 foo staff 0 Oct 29 20:04 file1 {AH-----m--} $ \fBcp -/ file1 /tmp\fR cp: Failed to copy extended system attributes from file1 to /tmp/file1 $ \fBls -/c /tmp/file1\fR -rw-r--r-- 1 foo staff 0 Oct 29 20:09 /tmp/file1 {} .fi .in -2 .sp .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES .sp .LP See \fBenviron\fR(7) for descriptions of the following environment variables that affect the execution of \fBcp\fR: \fBLANG\fR, \fBLC_ALL\fR, \fBLC_COLLATE\fR, \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR. .sp .LP Affirmative responses are processed using the extended regular expression defined for the \fByesexpr\fR keyword in the \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR category of the user's locale. The locale specified in the \fBLC_COLLATE\fR category defines the behavior of ranges, equivalence classes, and multi-character collating elements used in the expression defined for \fByesexpr\fR. The locale specified in \fBLC_CTYPE\fR determines the locale for interpretation of sequences of bytes of text data a characters, the behavior of character classes used in the expression defined for the \fByesexpr\fR. See \fBlocale\fR(7). .SH EXIT STATUS .sp .LP The following exit values are returned: .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB0\fR\fR .ad .RS 7n .rt All files were copied successfully. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB> 0\fR\fR .ad .RS 7n .rt An error occurred. .RE .SH ATTRIBUTES .sp .LP See \fBattributes\fR(7) for descriptions of the following attributes: .SS "/usr/bin/cp" .sp .TS tab( ) box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) . ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE _ Availability system/core-os _ CSI Enabled _ Interface Stability Committed .TE .sp .SS "/usr/xpg4/bin/cp" .sp .TS tab( ) box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) . ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE _ Availability system/xopen/xcu4 _ CSI Enabled _ Interface Stability Committed .TE .sp .SH SEE ALSO .sp .LP \fBchmod\fR(1), \fBchown\fR(1), \fBfsync\fR(1), \fBfsync\fR(2), \fButime\fR(2), \fBfgetattr\fR(3C), \fBattributes\fR(7), \fBenviron\fR(7), \fBfsattr\fR(7), \fBlocale\fR(7), \fBprivileges\fR(7), \fBstandards\fR(7) .SH NOTES .sp .LP The permission modes of the source file are preserved in the copy. .sp .LP A \fB--\fR permits the user to mark the end of any command line options explicitly, thus allowing \fBcp\fR to recognize filename arguments that begin with a \fB-\fR.