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'\" te .\" Copyright (c) 1992, The X/Open Company Ltd. All rights reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 1989, AT&T. All rights reserved. .\" Portions Copyright (c) 2009, 2022, Oracle and/or its affiliates. .\" Portions Copyright (c) 1982, 2007, AT&T Knowledge Ventures. .\" Oracle gratefully acknowledges The Open Group for permission to reproduce portions of its copyrighted documentation. Original documentation from The Open Group can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/bookstore/. .\" The Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers and The Open Group, have given us permission to reprint portions of their documentation. In the following statement, the phrase "this text" refers to portions of the system documentation. Portions of this text are reprinted and reproduced in electronic form in the Sun OS Reference Manual, from IEEE Std 1003.1, 2004 Edition, Standard for Information Technology -- Portable Operating System Interface (POSIX), The Open Group Base Specifications Issue 6, Copyright (C) 2001-2004 by the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, Inc and The Open Group. In the event of any discrepancy between these versions and the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard, the original IEEE and The Open Group Standard is the referee document. The original Standard can be obtained online at http://www.opengroup.org/unix/online.html. This notice shall appear on any product containing this material. .TH read 1 "29 Nov 2022" "Oracle Solaris 11.4" "User Commands" .SH NAME read \- read a line from standard input .SH SYNOPSIS .SS "/usr/bin/read" .LP .nf \fB/usr/bin/read\fR [\fB-r\fR] \fIvar\fR... .fi .SS "/usr/sunos/bin/sh" .LP .nf \fBread\fR \fIname\fR... .fi .SS "csh" .LP .nf \fBset\fR \fIvariable\fR= $< .fi .SS "ksh88" .LP .nf \fBread\fR [\fB-prsu\fR [\fIn\fR]] [\fIname\fR ? \fIprompt\fR] [\fIname\fR]... .fi .SS "ksh" .LP .nf \fBread\fR [\fB-ACprs\fR] [\fB-d\fR \fIdelim\fR] [\fB-n\fR \fInsize\fR] [\fB-N\fR \fInsize\fR] [\fB-t\fR \fItimeout\fR] [\fB-u\fR \fIunit\fR] [\fIvname\fR\fB?\fR\fIprompt\fR] [\fIvname\fR... ] .fi .SH DESCRIPTION .SS "/usr/bin/read" .sp .LP The \fBread\fR utility reads a single line from standard input. .sp .LP By default, unless the \fB-r\fR option is specified, backslash (\fB\e\fR) acts as an escape character. If standard input is a terminal device and the invoking shell is interactive, \fBread\fR prompts for a continuation line when: .RS +4 .TP .ie t \(bu .el o The shell reads an input line ending with a backslash, unless the \fB-r\fR option is specified. .RE .RS +4 .TP .ie t \(bu .el o A here-document is not terminated after a \fBNEWLINE\fR character is entered. .RE .sp .LP The line is split into fields as in the shell. The first field is assigned to the first variable \fIvar\fR, the second field to the second variable \fIvar\fR, and so forth. If there are fewer \fIvar\fR operands specified than there are fields, the leftover fields and their intervening separators is assigned to the last \fIvar\fR. If there are fewer fields than \fIvar\fRs, the remaining \fIvar\fRs is set to empty strings. .sp .LP The setting of variables specified by the \fIvar\fR operands affects the current shell execution environment. If it is called in a sub-shell or separate utility execution environment, such as one of the following: .sp .in +2 .nf \fB(read foo) nohup read ... find . -exec read ... \e;\fR .fi .in -2 .sp .sp .LP It does not affect the shell variables in the caller's environment. This includes executing the \fB/usr/bin/read\fR stand-alone command. .sp .LP The standard input must be a text file. .SS "/usr/sunos/bin/sh" .sp .LP One line is read from the standard input and, using the internal field separator, \fBIFS\fR (normally space or tab), to delimit word boundaries, the first word is assigned to the first \fIname\fR, the second word to the second \fIname\fR, and so on, with leftover words assigned to the last \fIname\fR. Lines can be continued using \fB\enewline\fR. Characters other than \fBNEWLINE\fR can be quoted by preceding them with a backslash. These backslashes are removed before words are assigned to \fInames\fR, and no interpretation is done on the character that follows the backslash. The return code is \fB0\fR, unless an end-of-file is encountered. .SS "csh" .sp .LP The notation: .sp .in +2 .nf set \fIvariable\fR \fB= $<\fR .fi .in -2 .sp .sp .LP loads one line of standard input as the value for \fIvariable\fR. (See \fBcsh\fR(1)). .SS "ksh88" .sp .LP The shell input mechanism. One line is read and is broken up into fields using the characters in \fBIFS\fR as separators. The escape character, \fB(\e)\fR, is used to remove any special meaning for the next character and for line continuation. In raw mode, the \fB-r\fR, the \fB,\fR and the \fB\e\fR character are not treated specially. The first field is assigned to the first \fIname\fR, the second field to the second \fIname\fR, and so on, with leftover fields assigned to the last \fIname\fR. The \fB-p\fR option causes the input line to be taken from the input pipe of a process spawned by the shell using \fB|&\fR. If the \fB-s\fR flag is present, the input is saved as a command in the history file. The flag \fB-u\fR can be used to specify a one digit file descriptor unit \fIn\fR to read from. The file descriptor can be opened with the \fBexec\fR special command. The default value of \fIn\fR is \fB0\fR. If \fIname\fR is omitted, \fBREPLY\fR is used as the default \fIname\fR. The exit status is \fB0\fR unless the input file is not open for reading or an end-of-file is encountered. An end-of-file with the \fB-p\fR option causes cleanup for this process so that another can be spawned. If the first argument contains a \fB?\fR, the remainder of this word is used as a \fIprompt\fR on standard error when the shell is interactive. The exit status is \fB0\fR unless an end-of-file is encountered. .SS "ksh" .sp .LP \fBread\fR reads a line from standard input and breaks it into fields using the characters in the value of the \fBIFS\fR variable as separators. The escape character, \fB\e\fR, is used to remove any special meaning for the next character and for line continuation unless the \fB-r\fR option is specified. .sp .LP If there are more variables than fields, the remaining variables are set to empty strings. If there are fewer variables than fields, the leftover fields and their intervening separators are assigned to the last variable. If no \fIvar\fR is specified, the variable \fBREPLY\fR is used. .sp .LP When \fIvar\fR has the binary attribute and \fB-n\fR or \fB-N\fR is specified, the bytes that are read are stored directly into \fIvar\fR. .sp .LP If you specify \fB?\fR\fIprompt\fR after the first \fIvar\fR, \fBread\fR displays a prompt on standard error when standard input is a terminal or pipe. .SH OPTIONS .SS "/usr/bin/read, ksh88" .sp .LP The following option is supported by \fB/usr/bin/read\fR and \fBksh88\fR: .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-r\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt Do not treat a backslash character in any special way. Considers each backslash to be part of the input line. .RE .SS "ksh" .sp .LP The following options are supported by \fBksh\fR: .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-A\fR\fR .ad .RS 14n .rt Unset \fIvar\fR, and create an indexed array containing each field in the line starting at index \fB0\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-C\fR\fR .ad .RS 14n .rt Unset \fIvar\fR and read \fIvar\fR as a compound variable. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-d\fR \fIdelim\fR\fR .ad .RS 14n .rt Read until delimiter \fIdelim\fR instead of to the end of line. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-n\fR \fInsize\fR\fR .ad .RS 14n .rt Read at most \fInsize\fR bytes. Binary field size is in bytes. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-N\fR \fInsize\fR\fR .ad .RS 14n .rt Read exactly \fInsize\fR bytes. Binary field size is in bytes. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-p\fR\fR .ad .RS 14n .rt Read from the current co-process instead of standard input. An end of file causes \fBread\fR to disconnect the co-process so that another can be created. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-r\fR\fR .ad .RS 14n .rt Do not treat \fB\e\fR specially when processing the input line. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-s\fR\fR .ad .RS 14n .rt Save a copy of the input as an entry in the shell history file. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-t\fR \fItimeout\fR\fR .ad .RS 14n .rt Specify a \fItimeout\fR in seconds when reading from a terminal or pipe. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-u\fR \fIfd\fR\fR .ad .RS 14n .rt Read from file descriptor number \fIfd\fR instead of standard input. The default value is \fB0\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB-v\fR\fR .ad .RS 14n .rt When reading from a terminal, display the value of the first variable and use it as a default value. .RE .SH OPERANDS .sp .LP The following operand is supported: .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fIvar\fR\fR .ad .RS 7n .rt The name of an existing or non-existing shell variable. .RE .SH EXAMPLES .LP \fBExample 1\fR Using the \fBread\fR Command .sp .LP The following example for \fB/usr/bin/read\fR prints a file with the first field of each line moved to the end of the line: .sp .in +2 .nf example% \fBwhile read -r xx yy do printf "%s %s\en" "$yy" "$xx" done < input_file\fR .fi .in -2 .sp .SH ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES .sp .LP See \fBenviron\fR(7) for descriptions of the following environment variables that affect the execution of \fBread\fR: \fBLANG\fR, \fBLC_ALL\fR, \fBLC_CTYPE\fR, \fBLC_MESSAGES\fR, and \fBNLSPATH\fR. .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBIFS\fR\fR .ad .RS 7n .rt Determines the internal field separators used to delimit fields. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBPS2\fR\fR .ad .RS 7n .rt Provides the prompt string that an interactive shell writes to standard error when a line ending with a backslash is read and the \fB-r\fR option was not specified, or if a here-document is not terminated after a \fBNEWLINE\fR character is entered. .RE .SH EXIT STATUS .sp .LP The following exit values are returned: .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB0\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt Successful completion. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fB>0\fR\fR .ad .RS 6n .rt End-of-file was detected or an error occurred. .RE .SH ATTRIBUTES .sp .LP See \fBattributes\fR(7) for descriptions of the following attributes: .SS "/usr/bin/read" .sp .TS tab( ) box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) . ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE _ Availability system/core-os _ Interface Stability Committed _ Standard See \fBstandards\fR(7). .TE .sp .sp .LP See the respective shell man pages for attributes of the shell built-in command versions of \fBread\fR. .SH SEE ALSO .sp .LP \fBcsh\fR(1), \fBksh\fR(1), \fBksh88\fR(1), \fBline\fR(1), \fBset\fR(1), \fBsh\fR(1s), \fBattributes\fR(7), \fBenviron\fR(7), \fBstandards\fR(7)