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'\" te .\" Copyright (c) 1989, AT&T. All rights reserved. .\" Copyright (c) 2003, 2023, Oracle and/or its affiliates. .TH chroot 2 "30 Jan 2023" "Oracle Solaris 11.4" "System Calls" .SH NAME chroot, fchroot \- change root directory .SH SYNOPSIS .LP .nf #include <unistd.h> \fBint\fR \fBchroot\fR(\fBconst char *\fR\fIpath\fR); \fBint\fR \fBfchroot\fR(\fBint\fR \fIfildes\fR); .fi .SH DESCRIPTION .sp .LP The \fBchroot()\fR and \fBfchroot()\fR functions cause a directory to become the root directory, the starting point for path searches for path names beginning with \fB/\fR (slash). The user's working directory is unaffected by the \fBchroot()\fR and \fBfchroot()\fR functions. .sp .LP The privilege {\fBPRIV_PROC_CHROOT\fR} must be asserted in the effective set of the process to change the root directory. See \fBprivileges\fR(7). .sp .LP The \fIpath\fR argument to \fBchroot()\fR points to a path name naming a directory which is to become the root. .sp .LP The \fIfildes\fR argument to \fBfchroot()\fR is the open file descriptor of the directory which is to become the root. While it is always possible to change the root directory back to the system root using the \fBfchroot()\fR function, it is not guaranteed to succeed in any other case, even if \fIfildes\fR is valid in all respects. .sp .LP The ".\|." entry in the root directory is interpreted to mean the root directory itself. Therefore, ".\|." cannot be used to access files outside the subtree rooted at the root directory. Instead, \fBfchroot()\fR can be used to reset the root to a directory that was opened before the root directory was changed. .SH RETURN VALUES .sp .LP Upon successful completion, \fB0\fR is returned. Otherwise, \fB\(mi1\fR is returned, the root directory remains unchanged, and \fBerrno\fR is set to indicate the error. .SH ERRORS .sp .LP The \fBchroot()\fR function will fail if: .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBEACCES\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n .rt Search permission is denied for a component of the path prefix of \fIpath\fR, or search permission is denied for the directory referred to by \fIpath\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBEFAULT\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n .rt The \fIpath\fR argument points to an illegal address. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBELOOP\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n .rt Too many symbolic links were encountered in translating \fIpath\fR. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBENAMETOOLONG\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n .rt The length of the \fIpath\fR argument exceeds \fBPATH_MAX\fR, or the length of a \fIpath\fR component exceeds \fBNAME_MAX\fR while \fB_POSIX_NO_TRUNC\fR is in effect. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBENOENT\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n .rt The named directory does not exist or is a null pathname. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBENOLINK\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n .rt The \fIpath\fR argument points to a remote machine and the link to that machine is no longer active. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBENOTDIR\fR\fR .ad .RS 16n .rt Any component of the path name is not a directory. .RE .sp .LP The \fBfchroot()\fR function will fail if: .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBEBADF\fR\fR .ad .RS 10n .rt The descriptor is not valid. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBEINVAL\fR\fR .ad .RS 10n .rt The \fBfchroot()\fR function attempted to change to a directory that is not the system root and external circumstances do not allow this. .RE .sp .LP The \fBchroot()\fR and \fBfchroot()\fR functions will fail if: .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBEINTR\fR\fR .ad .RS 9n .rt A signal was caught during the execution of the function. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBEIO\fR\fR .ad .RS 9n .rt An I/O error occurred while reading from or writing to the file system. .RE .sp .ne 2 .mk .na \fB\fBEPERM\fR\fR .ad .RS 9n .rt The {\fBPRIV_PROC_CHROOT\fR} privilege is not asserted in the effective set of the calling process. .RE .SH USAGE .sp .LP These functions do not provide a strong security boundary; programs can easily escape the new root. In addition, configuring a proper root area is complex, and the result requires ongoing manual maintenance, and the system provides little assistance. To provide more secure isolation on Oracle Solaris, with simpler and more powerful configuration, and support, the use of \fBzones\fR(7) is recommended in preference to \fBchroot()\fR or \fBfchroot()\fR. .SH ATTRIBUTES .sp .LP See \fBattributes\fR(7) for descriptions of the following attributes: .sp .TS tab( ) box; cw(2.75i) |cw(2.75i) lw(2.75i) |lw(2.75i) . ATTRIBUTE TYPE ATTRIBUTE VALUE _ Interface Stability Committed _ Standard See \fBstandards\fR(7). .TE .sp .SH SEE ALSO .sp .LP \fBchdir\fR(2), \fBprivileges\fR(7), \fBzones\fR(7), \fBchroot\fR(8) .SH WARNINGS .sp .LP The only use of \fBfchroot()\fR that is appropriate is to change back to the system root. .SH HISTORY .sp .LP The \fBchroot()\fR and \fBfchroot()\fR functions have been included in all Sun and Oracle releases of Solaris.